Archive for September, 2008

Abiogenesis: Spontaneous Generation of Life

Wednesday, September 17th, 2008

Back in the salad days of youth we laughed in giddy hubris to learn that supposedly brilliant Aristotle had been so foolish to espouse the theory of abiogenesis, the spontaneous generation of life.  How much more intellgent we were to know that life could not spontaneously generate from inanimate matter.  How could those famous Greek philosophers be so silly?  It fully demonstrated to our proud satisfaction the false premise that human brains had evolve so completely in a mere two thousand years that we high schoolers could out-think the great philosphers of the Golden Age.

Imagine Aristotle Strolling by Just as This Hatchling Emerges from the Sand

Surprising how much our intelligence regresses in maturity.  The brilliance of youth gets tempered by wisdom and experience.  And while we still know that abiogenesis is a failed theory, it’s a heckuva lot easier to understand how the great minds of the ancient world could be fooled by physical observation.  If one never happened to spot the female turtle dig and bury her eggs into the ground, and one strolled by just as a perfectly formed hatchling turtle emerged from the sand, one could be forgiven for thinking that you had just witnessed the spontaneous generation of life:  a turtle springs forth from the sand.

If Aristotle Saw Two Turtles Emerging Would That Change His Mind?

Events such as these are exceedingly rare to witness.  But over the last decade, I’ve been privileged to observe “spontaneous” emergence from the sand a handful of times.  Each occurence reminds me of philosophy class and how nearly two and a half millennia ago our Greek intellectual ancestors had conceived a perfectly logical explanation for this seemingly magical and mysterious event.  Instead, today we demonstrate our intellectual superiority by telling the tale of the turtle and the egg.  You know, which one came first, the turtle or the egg?

Headcount!

Tuesday, September 16th, 2008

Emergence Hole About 1.5 Inches Long x 0.5 Inch Wide

Today brought a cool overcast to the Outer Cape as September’s autumn preview now grips the Land of Ooze.  Hatching had slowed to a crawl as temperatures fell and clouds rose.  So, we expected little from our afternoon rounds that began at Griffin Island where the truly northernmost terrapins in the world reside, stopped by Indian Neck on the north shore of Blackfish Creek and crossed over to Lieutenant Island on the south shore.

Another Emerge Hole, Same Size as Previous

Surprise!  Emergence holes and emerging nests greeted us at every stop.  Two on Griffin Island:  one on the shoulder of an asphalt road and only about five inches deep because mother hit pavement, and the other along a boardwalk leading to the Herring River salt marsh.  Eight live hatchlings emerged from the first nest and four succumbed to maggot depredation.  Sixteen hatchlings escaped from the second nest into the salt marsh.

Camouflaged Emergence Hole

When I spotted the emergence hole for the second nest, I burst into laughter.  A clump of pine needles had obviously been blown atop the hole by a recent storm.  But it looked so carefuly placed so as to camouflage the nest and give emerging hatchlings cover from predators as they bolted into the safety of the Herring River marsh.

I also hadn’t noticed until this posting the near identical similarity in shape of the first two emergence holes pictured above.  Sure, these critters are nearly identically sized at the hatchling stage, ~ 2.7 cm carapace length and ~ 6 grams mass; but after observing the chaos of an emerging nest (see the video clip below), I’m amazed by the twin shapes. 

Count the Heads as They Emerge

We arrived at the Indian Neck nest just as the clutch began to broil.  Heads popped up for a peek of their brave new world and quickly receded again under the dirt … to be replaced by a new set of darting eyes.  Try keeping a headcount as babies appear.  These thirteen lively characters could easily convert this performance art into a comedy circus routine that I would gladly book for a World Tour.

Hatchling Emerges from Nest; Note Pointy Egg Tooth

The shifting dune sand on the Hook of Lieutenant Island makes finding an emergence hole impossible, except immediately after a drenching rain storm.  No such meteorological assist was in the cards.  One hundred percent overcast, but no rain.  Still, luck played in our favor.  We first spotted a collection of hatchling tracks slaloming across the dune slopes.  Tracing these signs back to a convergence point, we ran smack dab into a terrapin hatchling just emerging from the nest.  Behind this baby, three more waited their turn to make a break for freedom.

Nest Completely Depredated by Fly Maggots

While we rejoiced in more than 75 live emerged hatchlings documented during our rounds this afternoon, we did have one sad encounter.  Nest 210, which we had been monitoring since June on the Boathouse dune, had been completely depredated by fly maggots that had consumed all the hatchlings, leaving  behind only a thin layer of each carapace.

Road Warrior: Eastern Box Turtle Strolls Down Interstate

Monday, September 15th, 2008

Jon Pope, owner & proprietor with his wife Michelle of Uncle Jon’s Coffee Houses, encountered an exceedingly strange sight as he dropped off Interstate I-195 onto Route 105 in Marion, Massachusetts.  Traffic does, indeed, slow down quickly as one enters this sailing hamlet on Sippican Harbor.  So, Jon is used to breaking hard in transitioning from Interstate to sleeping village.  In this case, though, he got behind a four-legged rather than a four-wheeled entity.  Jon jumped out of his car and rescued a male adult Eastern box turtle strolling down the off-ramp.  As much surprised as Jon, this road warrior took an instant liking to his new two-legged friend.

Jon Pope Admires Rescued Male Eastern Box Turtle

His shell records a series of human encounters, none as pleasant as today’s rescue by Jon.  Most of the forward marginals, the outer ring of small scutes rimming the carapace (top shell), have been broken off completely.  His rear marginals are nicked and chinked so much that they seem like serration. 

Lots of Dings and Chinks along the Marginals of This Road Warrior

With his handsome red eyes, manly tail and plastron (bottom shell) concavity, this veteran road warrior exhibited all the traits of an exemplar male Eastern box turtle.

Male Eastern Box Turtle

Tonight we’re puzzling over an appropriate home to release our new reptilian friend.  Clearly, the Interstate Highway System isn’t a safe habitat.  He’s been lucky to have survived this long.  So, we’ll be investigating potential Eastern box turtle habitat in the SouthCoast area.

Wisdom of the Ancient Hatchling

Sunday, September 14th, 2008
 
Eastern box turtle hatchlings combine the tenderness, vulnerability and “cuteness” of a tiny new born with the stoic appearance of ancient wisdom. Whether a reflection of the stored knowledge of hundreds of millions of years of fine-tuned DNA evolution or simply a “Fun House” mirror trick inside the brains of our less seasoned DNA, these little critters certainly take on the appearance of all-knowingness.
 
 
Eastern Box Turtle Hatchling
 
“Speak to me, oh Sage of the Ages.  Tell me the mysteries of life.”  Via trans-species telepathy we hear, “Sleep through the winter; sleep through the cold.  Sleep through the storms and never be bold.  Sleep when it’s chilly; sleep when it’s hot.  Sleep when it’s cloudy and eat when it’s not.”

Eastern Box Turtle Hatchlings in Motion

These characters were uncovered in a surprise nest at the edge of the Fox Island Marsh Conservation Area and released back into the wild on Friday.  See the full details of their discovery and release in the posting below.

Fox Island Marsh Conservation Area Welcomes Endangered Babies

Sunday, September 14th, 2008

The Fox Island Marsh Conservation Area lies in South Wellfleet and, along with its neighbor the Pilgrim Spring Woodlands Conservation Area, comprises 68 acres of woods and 100 acres of salt marsh.  An exquisite parcel of these conservation lands is the Whale Bone Point Trail (see Google image below) described as the jewel in the crown for its unmatched overlook views of the Fox Island Marsh and Blackfish Creek.  These lands are owned by the Town of Wellfleet and the Wellfleet Conservation Trust.

Whale Bone Point

This last week the Fox Island Conservation Area witnessed the arrival of babies from two Massachusetts protected species: diamondback terrapins (threatened) and Eastern box turtles (species of special concern).  While the Whale Bone Point area had been assessed as box turtle habitat and the point has been documented as a terrapin nesting site, these are the very first babies of both species that have actually been discovered on the land as they were being born.   The conservationists, environmentalists and naturalists who worked to protect this precious habitat deserve two thumbs up, one for each of these listed species.

One of Four Eastern Box Turtle Hatchlings

Last week a resident abutting the Whale Bone Point area discovered four Eastern box turtle hatchlings in a nest in her mulched landscaping.  That story was reported below under Eastern Box Turtle Hatchlings.  These adorable babies were a bit disoriented, one might even say “grumpy,” at being so uncerimoniously disturbed from their post-natal snooze, and they were a little dehydrated, too.  So, after a few days of turtle R&R, the foursome was released into the protected woodlands of Whale Bone Point near their nest site.

Release of Eastern Box Turtle Hatchlings

After releasing these box turtle hatchlings on Friday, we trekked down to the tip of Whale Bone Point where we had documented diamondback terrapin nesting since 2000 based on depredated nests and discarded egg shells.  We discovered three emergence holes within about 12 inches of each other that contained the remnants of escaped hatchlings, undeveloped eggs and some eggs that had been destroyed by root and insect predation.  In the middle nest, tucked under the lip and cradled in roots that had drained moisture from the nest and had contorted the embryos inside their egg shells within their nose-like grip, three pipped and cracked eggs remained.  One had not survived the attack, but two others were alive, albeit distorted, severely dehydrated and frozen in a trance-like stupor.  The clip below documents our removal of one of these hatchlings from its egg cocoon; the babies were so weak that they couldn’t free themselves from the dried egg shell and dig themselves out of the nest.

Rescue of Terrapin Hatchling Trapped by Roots and Dehydration

You can see from the clip above how undersized these hatchlings are.  The image below gives you a good sense of their actual size.

Undersized Terrapin Hatchlings

The good news:  Terrapins (and most turtles, actually) are Timex critters.  “They take a licking and keep on ticking.”  Turtles are extremely resilient.  Given a little TLC, even the most hapless turtle can be given a head-start toward survival.  These two babies just need a few days of care before they, too, will join their siblings in the nursery salt marsh abutting the Fox Island Marsh Conservation Area.  And in about eight years … Mark your calendar for June 15th, 2016 … they may be returning to Whale Bone Point to deposit their own nest of hatchlings.  And so the cycle goes on.  Save one turtle and your action ripples through the ages.  Precisely like the “Time Machine” that Nature truly is.

Two Terrapin Hatchlings Released at Whale Bone Point